Pohnpei State
Pohnpei state is a State in the Eastern Caroline Islands.
Alternative spellings and historic names include: Ponape
Pohnpei State is a part of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Subunits
Atolls and islands within the state include: Pohnpei, Ant, Kapingamarangi, Mwoakilloa, Nukuoro, Orluk, Pakin, Pingelap, Sapwuahfik
The Senyavin Islands, comprised of Pohnpei, Ant, and Pakin, is an anachronistic grouping within today's Pohnpei State.
Population, Language and Religion
The 2010 FSM Census reported a population of 36,196. Pohnpeian, Mokilese, Nukuoro, Pingelapese, Ngatikese (Sapwuahfik) are the spoken languages of Pohnpei State and religious affiliation is roughly evenly split between Roman Catholics and Protestants.
Governance
Spain laid claim to the Carolines from the time of initial discovery in the early 1500's but made no attempt to occupy or administer them. In 1885 a Governor for the Carolines was appointed by the Governor General of the Philippines and presence established in Pohnpei and Yap. In this Spanish Period (1521-1899), Pohnpei State fell within the Western District of the Spanish East Indies.
After the Spanish-American War, Spain sold the Palau, Caroline, and Marianas Islands to Germany in 1899. In this German Period (1899-1914), the Caroline, Palau and Mariana Islands (excluding Guam), along with the Marshalls, annexed in 1885, were titled Imperial German Pacific Protectorates. The Carolines become an administrative district of German New Guinea under direction of a vice-governor and Pohnpei Statefell within the Eastern Caroline District.
The Carolines were seized from the Germans by the Japanese early in World War I. Despite protests from the United States, including the Yap Crisis, the Islands were in 1920 mandated to Japan by the League of Nations. In this Japanese Period (1914-1941), Pohnpei State fell within the Ponape District of the “Nan'yō Cho” or South Seas Government.
Following liberation of the islands in the War in the Pacific, the islands were administered by the US Navy. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) was formalized by United Nations Security Council Resolution 21 in 1947. The Navy passed governing duties to the Department of the Interior in 1951. During the USN Period (1945-1947) and the TTPI Period (1947-1979) Pohnpei State fell within the East Carolines Administrative Unit and then the Pohnpei District.
The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) was established with the end of the Trust Territory. The FSM is one of three “Freely Associated States,” or “FAS” nations that entered into a Compact of Free Association or “COFA” with the US. The treaty and agreements provide economic assistance to the countries, secured US defense rights and set defense responsibilities, and allow FAS citizens to migrate to the United States.
Electoral Divisions
The legislative branch of the Federated States of Micronesia is unicameral. Two types of Senators are elected: at-large senators, one for each of the four states, who serve four-year terms, and population-based senators, representing specific constituencies, who serve two-year terms. The President of Micronesia is elected by the Congress from amongst the four at-large senators, after which a special election is held to (re)fill that seat.Pohnpei State is represented in the FSM Congress by the Pohnpei, At-Large Seat Senator, and the Senators from Pohnpei Electoral Districts 1, 2, and 3.
Education
The Local Education Agency, or “school district” for Pohnpei State is the Ponhpei State Deparment of Education
References and Resources
Ayers, William S., and Rufino Mauricio. “Stone Adzes from Pohnpei, Micronesia.” Archaeology in Oceania, vol. 22, no. 1, Apr. 1987, pp. 27–31, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1987.tb00160.x.
Bascom, William R. Ponape: A Pacific Economy in Transition. Edited by J.H. Rowe et al., vol. 22, University of California Press, 1965.
Ehrlich, Paul Mark. “The Clothes of Men”: Ponape Island and German Colonial Rule, 1899-1914. 1978. State University of New York, https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Clothes_of_Men.html?id=3GdWcAAACAAJ.
Evans, Michael J. Political Development in Micronesia: A View from the Island of Pohnpei. 1988. University of Florida, http://archive.org/details/politicaldevelop00evan.
Fischer, J. L. “Birth on Ponape: Myth and Reality.” Die Geburt Aus Ethnomedizinischer Sicht, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1986, pp. 159–72, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88780-1_21.
Hanlon, David. Upon a Stone Altar. Edited by Robert Kiste, University of Hawaii Press, 1988, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvp2n4g9.
Rainbird, Paul. “Pohnpei Petroglyphs, Communication and Miscommunication.” Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, vol. 22, no. 6, Jan. 2008, pp. 141–46, https://doi.org/10.7152/bippa.v22i0.11814.
Riesenberg, Saul H. “Ponapean Omens.” The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 65, no. 258, 1952, pp. 351–52, https://doi.org/10.2307/536038. ---. “The Native Polity of Ponape.” Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, vol. 10, no. 10, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968, https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810223.10.1.
Riesenberg, Saul H., and J. L. Fischer. “Some Ponapean Proverbs.” The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 68, no. 267, 1955, pp. 9–18, https://doi.org/10.2307/537106.
Surber, Russell Jay. Pereiro’s Recollections of the Ponape Uprising Against the Spanish, 1890-1891. 1983. University of Hawaii, https://www.proquest.com/openview/2ecb5a01fa39a4b6c6ea8afc39feb41a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y.
