The Papal Bull of 4 May 1493 established the Line of Demarcation, thus splitting the New World into Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence

From Habele Institute

Levesque, Rodrigue (1992). "The Papal Bull of 4 May 1493 established the Line of Demarcation, thus splitting the New World into Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence". History of Micronesia: A Collection of Source Documents. Volume 1, European Discovery, 1521-1560. Gatineau, Quebec: Éditions Lévesque. pp. 67–72. ISBN 0-920201-01-6.

Abstract: Papal decree by Alexander VI establishing the Line of Demarcation between Spain and Portugal. It authorizes Spanish dominion over lands west of the line while recognizing Portuguese rights eastward, illustrating the papacy’s role in legitimizing territorial claims.