US Insular Area: Multiple Factors Affect Federal Health Care Funding
Allen, Kathryn G. (2005). US Insular Area: Multiple Factors Affect Federal Health Care Funding (PDF) (Report). Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office. p. 64.
- Has attachment: File:ZJLXEGRK.pdf
Abstract: Multiple federal programs fund health care services in the insular areas. Federal health care financing programs—Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)—represented nearly 90 percent of the $2.2 billion in health care funding to these areas in fiscal year 2003, with Medicare alone representing over three-quarters of total funding. The Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Interior (DOI) also provide grants to the insular areas. Significant variation exists among the insular areas in terms of the distribution of funds by these sources, largely due to the number of Medicare beneficiaries in each area.
The methods used to allocate these federal funds to insular areas often differ from methods used in the states. For example, Medicare pays hospitals in most insular areas based on their costs rather than the prospective payment system used for most hospitals in the states. Similarly, federal funding for Medicaid and SCHIP is subject to statutory limits that do not apply to states, including minimum federal contributions and a cap on federal Medicaid payments. In addition, certain HHS grants use different rules to determine insular areas’ funding.
Differences in allocation methods as well as other factors contribute to lower spending levels per individual in the insular areas compared to the states. For example, Medicare spending per beneficiary in the insular areas was less than half the amount it was in the states, due in part to differences in payment policies and to beneficiaries’ lower utilization of services. In addition, the statutory limits on federal Medicaid funding in these areas contributed to lower federal Medicaid per capita payments in the five insular areas compared to the national average. However, in light of limits on federal funding, the insular areas are not held accountable for covering all Medicaid benefit requirements, such as nursing facility services that represent nearly one-third of Medicaid expenditures in the states. Insular areas benefit from certain HHS grant allocation formulas that result in higher per capita payments to them than the states, on average.
