Handbook of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1948

The Handbook of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1948, was prepared at the School of Naval Administration, Hoover Institute, Stanford University, and was published by the Navy Department, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

The handbook was “designed to provide a comprehensive survey of the United States Trust Territory of the Pacific islands, and especially of administrative policies and activities in the postwar period, first under military government by the United States Navy, and then as a strategic trusteeship under naval administration. It [was] also planned to serve as a training manual for civil administration personnel.”

I. General Introduction

Forward - General Introduction

II. The Island Setting

Location and distances - Time zones - Size of the islands - Structure and geology - Climate and weather - Oceanography - Coral formations - Special topographic features - Soils - Mineral resources - Plant life - Animal life

III. Transportation and Other Facilities

Water transportation - Anchorages and landing facilities - Air transportation- Land transportation - Communications- Water supply- Sewage disposal- Other utilities

IV. Population

Distribution of population - Density of population - The island peoples - The basic Micronesian stock - The Chamorros - Ethnic backgrounds - Prehistory - Modern changes: The Chamorros and Other islands - American policy toward custom - The language situation - Movements of population - Intergroup relationships - Vital records - Population trends - Sex and age distribution - Analysis of population trends - Nonindigenous residents - Japanese immigrants - Persons of mixed ancestry - Attitudes toward outsiders

V. Historical Perspectives

Early alien contacts - Spanish rule in the Marianas (1668-1898) - The Carolines and Marshalls to 1886 - Spanish rule in the Carolines (1886-99) - The German regime - Establishment of the Japanese mandate - The Japanese regime - The war and postwar period

VI Pesent Political Status of the Islands

The trusteeship agreement - Executive Order 9875 - The trusteeship system - Regional organization - National status of the territory - Nationality status of the islanders

VII. United States Administration

Military government - Training of personnel - Civil administration - Local administration - Legislative government - Judicial government - Public safety - Government Finance

VIII. The Customary Background of Political Affairs

Local territorial units - The island leadership - Councils - Background of law and order - Direct and indirect rule - Growth of political consciousness

IX. Economic Problems and Policies

General economic policies - Organization of economic affairs

X. Resources and Their Utilization

Agriculture - Island type agriculture - Commercial agriculture - Livestock - Farming on Tinian - Marine resources - Mining - Forestry - Light industry and business - Emergency conditions

XI. The Customary Background of Economic Life

Dietary patterns - Nutritional adequacy - The group and the individual - Property usages - Work habits and organization - Island style exchange and trade - Money, old and new

XII. Finance and Commerce

Money - Banking facilities - Trade and commerce - Organization of trade - Imports - Exports

XIII. Land And Labor

Land tenure problems - The prewar land situation - American land dealings - District land problems - Labor supply and employment

XIV. Social Conditions and Problems

Patterns of settlement - Housing - Clubhouses - Clothing - Etiquette and ceremony - Art and recreation - Kinship usages - Marriage and divorce - Family and household - Wider kinship ties - Clan systems - Class systems - Voluntary associations - The life cycle

XV. Religion And Missions

Mission backgrounds and organization - The old and new faiths - Local religious movements - Missions and administration

XVI. Health And Sanitation

American policies and activities - Health conditions for nonindigenous personnel - Disease conditions - Sanitation - Island-style medicine - Medical training programs

XVII. Education

Island-style education - Educational objectives - Educational policies and organization - The language question - Vocational and adult education - Personnel and teacher training - Mission schools - District conditions and problems

Appendices

APPENDIX A. Directive of 15 January 1948 establishing basic policy for government of the trust territory 239

APPENDIX B. Interim regulations for the trust territory

APPENDIX C. Proclamation No. 1 of the government of the trust territory

APPENDIX D. Trusteeship agreement

APPENDIX E. Health service policy, program, rules, and regulations for the trust territory

APPENDIX F. Special proclamation establishing the Island Trading Company